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数学常数e的含义 留言:

支持阮一峰老师。争鸣正好体现了本文的价值。
这篇文章我觉得,好就好在,说明了e的一个实际应用意义:增长的极限。当然前提是(1)单位时间,(2)增长率在这段时间内不变。很受启发。
不过,正如网友说的,感觉如果直接用复利讲解,也许更好,细菌那个例子有点不伦不类(这种细菌很。。。)。
大家争论的焦点集中在e的来源上。从数学上讲,e是自然对数的底。按照维基百科,自然是指e是对1/x的积分。如果持此观点,再看本文,本文只能算是e的一个应用,多少会不爽。如果认为e一开始就是由那个极限定义的,那么本文就OK了。
窃以为:
In 1683 Jacob Bernoulli looked at the problem of compound interest and, in examining continuous compound interest, he tried to find the limit of (1 + 1/n)^n as n tends to infinity. He used the binomial theorem to show that the limit had to lie between 2 and 3 so we could consider this to be the first approximation found to e. Also if we accept this as a definition of e, it is the first time that a number was defined by a limiting process. He certainly did not recognise any connection between his work and that on logarithms.
这段英文不能说明e一开始就是由那个极限定义的。文中也说了,如果“if we accept”,以及“He certainly did not recognise any connection between his work and that on logarithms”。
另外,为什么那个极限的结果等于e。考研,同济大学那个高数书直接用“单调有界数列必有极限”这一准则,证明了那个表达式单调且有界,所以极限存在。既然存在,我们就把这个存在的极限叫做e,类似于给e来了个定义。楼上有人说是用夹逼准则证的(记忆力真好,下面的小字都记得),不对,从数列极限推广到函数极限用到的才是夹逼准则。由此,那个极限很可能就是e的来源,但不敢肯定。
我觉得争论很有意义,别人那样想很多时候是有道理的,欢迎讨论。